Inflammation and Colon Cancer

forrás: https://medpublics.com/docs/gyulladas_es


2022-05-04 12:19:43


The connection between inflammation and tumorigenesis is well-established and in the last decade has received a great deal of supporting evidence from genetic, pharmacological, and epidemiological data. Inflammatory bowel disease is an important risk factor for the development of colon cancer. Inflammation is also likely to be involved with other forms of sporadic as well as heritable colon cancer. The molecular mechanisms by which inflammation promotes cancer development are still being uncovered and could differ between colitis-associated and other forms of colorectal cancer. Recent work has elucidated the role of distinct immune cells, cytokines, and other immune mediators in virtually all steps of colon tumorigenesis, including initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. These mechanisms, as well as new approaches to prevention and therapy, are discussed in this review.

 


Chemoprevention of intestinal tumorigenesis by the natural dietary flavonoid myricetin in APCMin/+ mice

forrás: https://www.oncotarget.com/article/11108/text/


2021-11-19 11:49:59


Myricetin is a natural dietary flavonoid compound. We evaluated the efficacy of myricetin against intestinal tumorigenesis in adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia (APCMin/+) mice. Myricetin was given orally once a day for 12 consecutive weeks. APCMin/+ mice fed with myricetin developed fewer and smaller polyps without any adverse effects. Histopathological analysis showed a decreased number of dysplastic cells and degree of dysplasia in each polyp. Immunohistochemical and western blot analysis revealed that myricetin selectively inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in adenomatous polyps. The effects of myricetin were associated with a modulation the GSK-3β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. ELISA analysis showed a reduced concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and PGE2 in blood, which were elevated in APCMin/+ mice. The effect of myricetin treatment was more prominent in the adenomatous polyps originating in the colon. Further studies showed that myricetin downregulates the phosphorylated p38 MAPK/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, which may be the mechanisms for the inhibition of adenomatous polyps by myricetin. Taken together, our data show that myricetin inhibits intestinal tumorigenesis through a collection of biological activities. Given these results, we suggest that myricetin could be used preventatively to reduce the risk of developing colon cancers.


Targets of curcumin

forrás: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3025067/


2021-11-10 09:59:12


Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an orange-yellow component of turmeric or curry powder, is a polyphenol natural product isolated from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa. For centuries, curcumin has been used in some medicinal preparation or used as a food-coloring agent. In recent years, extensive in vitro and in vivo studies suggested curcumin has anticancer, antiviral, antiarthritic, anti-amyloid, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The underlying mechanisms of these effects are diverse and appear to involve the regulation of various molecular targets, including transcription factors (such as nuclear factor-κB), growth factors (such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor), inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1 and interleukin 6), protein kinases (such as mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and Akt) and other enzymes (such as cyclooxygenase 2 and 5 lipoxygenase). Thus, due to its efficacy and regulation of multiple targets, as well as its safety for human use, curcumin has received considerable interest as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and/or treatment of various malignant diseases, arthritis, allergies, Alzheimer’s disease, and other inflammatory illnesses. This review summarizes various in vitro and in vivo pharmacological aspects of curcumin as well as the underlying action mechanisms. The recently identified molecular targets and signaling pathways modulated by curcumin are also discussed here.

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Effect of a Plant-derived Natural Compound, Flavin7, on the ERK Signaling Pathway in Immortalized Mouse Proximal Tubule Cells

forrás: http://medpublics.com/docs/egy_novenyi_eredetu_vegyulet_english.pdf


2021-02-08 12:45:05


Abstract. Background: Since MAP kinases represent an important pathway of transducing external stimuli to internal signals in cells, determining their possible role in cancer cells may offer a promising way for the treatment and prognosis of malignant diseases. Our previous experiments have shown that a flavonoid-rich solution, Flavin7, was able to diminish kidney tumor growth in vivo. Materials and Methods: Effects of Flavin7 on the MAPK signaling pathway were determined in immortalized mouse proximal tubule cells by determining cell viability, flow cytometric analysis, luciferase assays and Western blots. Results: At a nontoxic dose, Flavin7 markedly reduced phosphorylation of ERK and inhibited activity of its downstream targets such as Elk1 and CREB via inhibition of the ERK-kinase MEK1. Conclusion: Because of its ability to temporarily inhibit kidney tumor growth and activation of the MEK1/ERK pathway in vitro, further in vivo investigations may determine the potential role of Flavin7 in the treatment of malignancies. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a major signaling system by which cells transduce extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Many steps of this cascade are conserved, and homologs have been discovered in different species (1). The first three mammalian MAP kinases, ERK1, ERK2 and ERK3 were cloned in the early 1990s, facilitating the development of reagents for their study. It has become clear that ERK1 and ERK2 are among the protein kinases most commonly activated in signal transduction pathways. They have particularly been linked to cell proliferation, but have important roles in many other events (2-4). In mammalian cells, ERK1 and ERK2, often referred to as p44 and p42 MAP kinases, are the archetypal members of the MAPK family. Therefore, determining the possible role of MAPKs in cancer cells may offer a promising way for treatment and prognosis of cancerous diseases. According to recent results, activation of the ERK pathway is a frequent event in tumorigenesis. ERK has been implicated in cell initiation, tumor promotion and progression, invasion, metastasis, and regulation of apoptosis and angiogenesis, events that are essential for successful completion of developing a metastatic tumor (reviewed in 5). On the other hand, ERK activation is not unambiguously an advantage or a disadvantage for patients with cancerous diseases, since it has been shown to trigger cell proliferation and survival in normal cells, as well as in tumor cells. Flavonoids, found in great quantity in fruit extracts, are secondary metabolites of superior plants exhibiting antitumor effects. They are known to exert antioxidant and antiproliferative effects on tumor cells (6). Recent studies have speculated that the classical antioxidant activity of flavonoids is unlikely to be the sole explanation for their cellular effects. This hypothesis is based on several lines of reasoning: i) flavonoids are extensively metabolized in vivo, thus, their redox potentials are significantly altered (7), and ii) the concentrations of flavonoids and their metabolites accumulated in vivo are lower than those of small of antioxidant nutrients (8). Investigations have indicated that flavonoids may selectively interact with the MAPK signaling pathway due to their ability to inhibit tyrosine kinase activity (9, 10). A natural compound, Flavin7 (F7), composed of the extracts from seven different fruits, was investigated in our kidney tumor animal model (11). Ne/De tumor cells were transplanted underneath the renal capsule of 6- to 8-weekold Fisher344 rats and animals were treated with human 871 Correspondence to: Edit Nádasi, MD, Ph.D., Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Hungary. Tel: +36 72 536394, Fax: +36 72 536395, e-mail: edit.nadasi@aok.pte.hu Key Words: Flavin7 extract, plant-derived natural compounds, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, anticarcinogenic effect. in vivo 21: 871-876 (2007) Effect of a Plant-derived Natural Compound, Flavin7, on the ERK Signaling Pathway in Immortalized Mouse Proximal Tubule Cells EDIT NÁDASI1,2, ISTVÁN EMBER2 and ISTVÁN ARANY1 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veteran HealthCare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, U.S.A.; 2Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary 0258-851X/2007 $2.00+.40 dose-equivalent F7 solution according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After two weeks of treatment rats were sacrificed and tumor growth was determined. F7 significantly (p<0.05) reduced tumor growth in vivo. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine whether F7 influences the ERK signaling pathway in immortalized mouse renal proximal tubule cells.

 


Polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake and Lentinus edodes enhance 5-fluorouracil-mediated H22 cell growth inhibition.

forrás: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24992758


2015-02-17 14:39:32


OBJECTIVE:

Few studies have investigated the effects produced by combinations of polysaccharides and chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment. We hypothesized that a combination of polysaccharides (COP) from Lentinus edodes and Tricholoma matsutake would improve the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-mediated inhibition of H22 cell growth.

METHODS:

Mice were injected H22 cells and then treated with either 5-FU, polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake (PTM), polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes (PL), PTM+PL, 5-FU+PTM, 5-FU+ PL, or 5-FU + COP. The tumor weight and volume, and splenic CD4 + and CD8 + T cell frequencies, were determined. Additionally, splenic natural killer (NK) cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activities were assessed and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-2 (IL-2), and Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were measured.

RESULTS:

Compared with mice from the control, 5-FU, PL, PTM, PTM + PL, 5-FU + PL, and 5-FU + PTM groups, mice treated with 5-FU + COP showed: (a) significantly reduced tumor weight and volume (P < 0.05); (b) significantly higher serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-2, and IFN-gamma (P < 0.05); (c) significantly increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequencies in the spleen (P < 0.05); and (d) significantly increased splenic NK cell and CTL activities (P < 0.05). The tumor weight and volume in mice treated with 5-FU+PL or 5-FU+PTM were significantly reduced compared with mice treated with 5-FU alone (P < 0.05). Serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-2, and IFN-gamma, frequencies of CD4 + and CD8+ T cells in the spleen, and splenic NK and CTL activities were also significantly increased in mice treated with 5-FU+PL or 5-FU+PTM compared with mice treated with 5-FU alone (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes and Tricholoma matsutake could enhance the efficacy of 5-FU-mediated H22 cell growth inhibition.

 


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